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By:

Bhaskar Nath Biswal

13 May 2026 at 3:00:30 pm

The New PG Playbook

Last month, the University Grants Commission (UGC) issued a landmark circular that promises to transform the postgraduate education landscape in India. By allowing Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) already approved for two-year Open and Distance Learning (ODL) and Online postgraduate (PG) programmes to offer a one-year version in the same discipline, the UGC operationalized a major vision outlined in the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020. For students holding a four-year bachelor’s...

The New PG Playbook

Last month, the University Grants Commission (UGC) issued a landmark circular that promises to transform the postgraduate education landscape in India. By allowing Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) already approved for two-year Open and Distance Learning (ODL) and Online postgraduate (PG) programmes to offer a one-year version in the same discipline, the UGC operationalized a major vision outlined in the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020. For students holding a four-year bachelor’s degree with Honours, this creates a direct, accelerated one-year route to a master’s degree via online or distance modes. While framed around flexibility and student choice, this reform prompts a deeper question: how should 21st-century India balance depth, speed and access in higher education? Structural Safeguards This shift originates in NEP 2020’s framework of flexible entry and exit points, seamless credit mobility and international academic alignment. The policy established that a four-year undergraduate degree with research or Honours should be considered equivalent to the traditional three-year degree plus additional coursework for pursuing advanced studies. The UGC’s directive gives structural backing to this equivalence within the ODL and online sectors. Crucially, this is not an open permission. Institutions may only offer the one-year postgraduate option if they already maintain an approved two-year programme in that subject. Furthermore, the curriculum, credit system, assessment rigor and instructional material must strictly adhere to UGC guidelines and institutional approvals. Admission remains restricted to four-year Honours graduates, while professional degrees like the MBA or MCA must continue meeting their respective regulatory criteria. Thus, the framework acts as a targeted parallel track rather than a dilution of academic standards. The advantages of this policy shift are considerable, particularly in a developing economy where time and financial constraints often determine educational outcomes. First, reducing postgraduate duration directly lowers tuition costs and living expenses. For a working professional or student balancing household budgets, entering the job market or qualifying for doctoral research a year earlier makes a meaningful impact on career trajectories. Second, it brings Indian qualifications closer to global norms. One-year master’s degrees are standard across Europe, the United States, Australia and parts of Asia, and this change eliminates credit transfer hurdles for Indian graduates seeking global academic or employment opportunities. Third, it harnesses online and distance learning formats to expand opportunities across underserved regions where physical postgraduate seats are scarce and migration costs are prohibitive. Finally, it provides a tangible reward for students who opted for four-year multidisciplinary undergraduate degrees, reinforcing the incentive to pursue specialized academic depth early on. Operational Risks However, translating policy into practice introduces operational challenges. The primary concern revolves around quality assurance. Compressing a postgraduate curriculum into a single year, even with equivalent credit requirements demands intensive academic focus from both educators and learners. In distance and online learning, where independent study dominates, there is a distinct danger of turning advanced degrees into mere module-checking exercises. To prevent this, institutions must invest in rich digital resources, active mentorship and secure evaluation systems. A second obstacle involves public perception and institutional acceptance. Traditional employers, particularly within state agencies and conservative industries, long equate a two-year master's with comprehensive capability. Academic circles may similarly question whether a twelve-month framework provides sufficient time for specialized research and practical skill acquisition. While the UGC circular limits entry to four-year Honours graduates, communicating this distinction to recruiters and international universities requires active, transparent outreach to ensure the degree is viewed as accelerated rather than shortened. Finally, professional degrees governed by specialized bodies like the AICTE must carefully align internship and accreditation requirements so that graduates face no disadvantage during recruitment drives. Addressing these challenges requires building a supportive institutional ecosystem around the new model. Universities should publish detailed credit frameworks demonstrating how the accelerated curriculum corresponds to two-year standards, incorporating capstone projects or research modules to maintain analytical depth. Quality assurance bodies like NAAC and the UGC should make evaluation criteria for online programmes transparent, helping candidates make informed decisions. Simultaneously, recruitment regulations across public and private sectors must explicitly recognize a one-year postgraduate degree following a four-year undergraduate degree as fully equivalent to traditional qualifications. The UGC’s circular represents a vital step toward modernizing Indian postgraduate education. Executed with institutional discipline and rigorous oversight, it offers a powerful mechanism for social mobility, financial relief, and global integration. On the other hand, its superficial implementation may reduce high-level education to paper credentials. (The writer is a former college Principal and Founder of Supporting Shoulders, an Odisha-based non-profit Trust. Views personal.)

Bharat’s Jetson Cities, Light-years Away from Nature

Updated: Jan 20, 2025

Jetson Cities

One thing is for certain: our Bharatiya cities, the big metros and towns, are fast becoming like the ‘Jetson’ cities. For those who are unaware of Jetson cities, these were first shown in the famous Hanna-Barbera cartoon series, the Jetsons, set in the 2100s, where cities are air-tight glass globules tethered to the ground, and the only way to get in and out are the flying cars. Yes, we, the city-dwellers, aspire to tall skyscrapers, spectacular bridges, world-class tunnels, swooshing metro trains, and we are building Jetson-like flying cars. A few HD drone images here and there, during the day and at night and around twilight, and we are content that our cities have become the cynosure of our own eyes. We want our cities to be brightly lit, with neon signs, laser shows, and large billboard videos. We would then fulfil our inner desire to have a city on par with Tokyo, New York, and Shanghai.


Our buildings, designed for the next 30 years, are well air-conditioned, shielding occupants from a soupy dust bowl of brown smog, soot, particulate matter, and fine dust. It is said that most new home buyers invest at least 10% of their property’s price in enhancing the interiors, soundproofing their homes, using air purifiers and conditioners, and disconnecting from the outside world for that much-needed solace. Indeed, large builders promote their projects as close to nature amidst tranquillity. However, there is always another builder eager to get one plot of land ahead of yours to enjoy that nature. To be truthful, access to nature now comes at a premium - even the skies.


Let’s assume the working-age population is occupied in the leisure of our Jetson cities, but how many of their young school and college-going kids have seen the long arm of the Milky Way galaxy from their cities? How many have witnessed a comet zooming by? How many know about endemic plants with medicinal properties? When did they last see a chirping house sparrow? How many know that the nearest sewage drain was once a freshwater stream? When did they last find their suburban beach prettier than the resort beaches of Maldives?


The intent to ask these questions is simple: Bharat is currently at a crossroads. Pundits are enthusiastic about a cultural renaissance on the horizon. Corporate leaders, on the other hand, want us to invest hundreds of hours each week to pay our dues to the growth of the national GDP. But no one asks, if a cultural renaissance is to occur, who will generate the new understandings and insights of nature that arise typically during such a period of human advancement? No one is actually asking, for whom are we building the nation if there is no time for children, or worse, if there is no time or intent to have children. In the process of growing rich, we are about to become old. By 2047, 65% of the population under the age of 35 will grow beyond 35 all at once, and we’d have an enormous population in advanced ages with a tapering young population, a graph that looks like a banyan tree. Unfortunately, that young population will have no access to the knowledge that nature has to offer, neither flora and fauna nor the seas and the skies.


Our urbane lifestyles need tempering. Such tempering can occur only if we ensure the revival of natural sciences during this period of cultural renaissance and nation-building. Let’s not rely solely on the educational system. With Indian Knowledge Systems, constructive changes are underway, and academic curricula are poised to improve for the greater good. However, true knowledge arises only when parents and grandparents introduce children to nature. Genuine understanding also develops from extracurricular activities in schools and colleges that encourage kids to observe, journal, and act on their discoveries. On the positive side, our country’s forest cover is increasing, as announced by the government. However, efforts must be made to ensure that every school or college, whether in Mumbai, Vijayawada, Gorakhpur, Ratlam, Thrissur, Bhuj, Faridabad, Imphal, Manali, Cuttack, or Ajmer, guarantees that their students are well aware of the endemic nature of their surroundings and are regularly observing and recording data on whatever interests them. Let kids observe rivers and understand the volume of water that flows through them. Let children learn about the decline of house sparrows in their cities and what steps should be taken to revive their populations. Let them study the bees in their nearby groves and recognise the vital role these bees play in nature.


Of course, you need to learn AI, robotics, fintech, the next generation of management courses, and all the engineering bells and whistles. However, we must not leave the next generation with inadequate comprehension and skills for understanding nature. We must ensure that nature conservation is not merely lip service or a tool for politicised green activists. This can be achieved if natural sciences are given the respect they deserve at the school, undergraduate, and postgraduate levels.


Indeed, I am a plebeian, and you might feel that you, too, could write a rant about the plight of our urban lives. Urban development and municipal experts have many solutions to propose, but few are willing to take action. However, that is not the issue I wish to highlight. I aim to illustrate a much larger concern—that Indian city dwellers are disoriented and devoid of nature, lacking a guiding star to lead them toward a brighter future. Our cities of Mumbai, Delhi, Bengaluru, Ahmedabad, Kolkata, and Chennai have taken on characteristics reminiscent of Jetson-like cities. We show little regard for the Nagar Devata, Gram Devata, and Van Devata, who have protected the cities, towns, and forests that once surrounded us. We wait for formal governance to clean up our beaches, rivers, and ponds without making sufficient efforts to prevent pollution in the first place.


For those striving to grasp spirituality not through the Puranas and Aadi-Granth but through new-age podcasts, I recommend watching Vinay Varanasi’s podcast on Bhagavan Vishnu’s Dashavatar. If it is clear that Bhagavan Vishnu does not tolerate disregard for Bhudevi or Mother Earth, why do we, the devotees of Bhagavan Vishnu, continue to pollute our Mother Earth—her air, soil, waters, and sounds? Or have we taken Elon Musk's words at face value, assuming our next destination is Mars after destroying Earth, only to ruin Mars later, even worse than its current clinically sterile state? If that is the case, then bear with me when I say this: these Jetson cities stand on precarious pillars of ego, victimhood, apathy, and consumerism, waiting to be toppled either by the true harbingers of order or by false prophets. Therefore, teach the next generations to observe nature, appreciate our coexistence with other species, and venerate the forces of nature. By doing so, we humans will be good, at least for the next thousand years. If not, prepare for a bleak future by the end of this century.


(The author is a Space and Emerging Technology Fellow at the Centre for Security, Strategy and Technology, Observer Research Foundation, Mumbai. Views personal.)

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