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By:

Archita Redkar

11 September 2025 at 2:30:25 pm

Odisha: Where History, Faith and Art Come Alive

Rich in heritage yet vibrant with modern energy, Odisha remains one of India’s most rewarding travel experiences. Odisha, on India’s eastern coast along the Bay of Bengal, is a land where history, spirituality, art, architecture, nature and culture come together in harmony. Often called the “Land of Temples”, the state preserves a legacy spanning more than two thousand years. From magnificent temples and ancient caves to serene lakes, golden beaches and vibrant traditions, Odisha offers an...

Odisha: Where History, Faith and Art Come Alive

Rich in heritage yet vibrant with modern energy, Odisha remains one of India’s most rewarding travel experiences. Odisha, on India’s eastern coast along the Bay of Bengal, is a land where history, spirituality, art, architecture, nature and culture come together in harmony. Often called the “Land of Temples”, the state preserves a legacy spanning more than two thousand years. From magnificent temples and ancient caves to serene lakes, golden beaches and vibrant traditions, Odisha offers an unforgettable journey into India’s heritage. Located between West Bengal, Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, Andhra Pradesh and the Bay of Bengal, Odisha enjoys a unique geographical setting. Its capital, Bhubaneswar, is known as the “Temple City of India” for its concentration of ancient shrines. The landscape includes coastal plains, rivers, forests, hills, wetlands and wildlife sanctuaries. Among its natural wonders is Chilika Lake, Asia’s largest brackish-water lagoon, home to migratory birds and the rare Irrawaddy dolphin. Odisha’s history is closely linked with the ancient kingdom of Kalinga. The region gained worldwide significance through the Kalinga War of 261 BCE between Emperor Ashoka and the people of Kalinga. The devastation of the conflict inspired Ashoka to embrace Buddhism, helping spread its message of peace across Asia. Over the centuries, Odisha flourished under dynasties such as the Mahameghavahanas, Somavamshis, Eastern Gangas and Gajapatis, leaving behind a rich legacy of temples, monuments and artistic achievements. Among Odisha’s greatest treasures is the sacred Jagannath Temple in Puri. Built in the 12th century by King Anantavarman Chodaganga Deva of the Eastern Ganga Dynasty, it is dedicated to Lord Jagannath, a form of Vishnu, and is one of Hinduism’s four Char Dham pilgrimage sites. Renowned for its wooden deities of Jagannath, Balabhadra and Subhadra, the temple symbolises inclusiveness and universal spirituality. Every year, millions gather for the grand Rath Yatra, when the deities are carried through the streets on enormous chariots. The Konark Sun Temple, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, is one of the finest examples of mediaeval Indian architecture. Built in the 13th century by King Narasimhadeva I, it was designed as a colossal stone chariot dedicated to Surya, the Sun God. Twelve intricately carved wheels and seven stone horses appear to pull the temple across the heavens. Its sculptures depict dancers, musicians, celestial beings, animals and scenes from daily life, reflecting the artistic and cultural richness of ancient Odisha. In Bhubaneswar, the Lingaraj Temple stands as a masterpiece of Kalinga architecture. Dating to the 11th century, this Shiva temple remains an important pilgrimage centre. Nearby, the Mukteswar Temple is admired for its carved gateway, while the Rajarani Temple is renowned for its graceful sculptures. Beyond its temples, Odisha offers numerous historical and natural attractions. The Udayagiri and Khandagiri Caves provide insights into the region’s early religious history, while Puri is celebrated for both its sacred temple and golden beaches. Nature lovers are drawn to Similipal National Park, a UNESCO Biosphere Reserve known for its forests, waterfalls, elephants, tigers and biodiversity. Odisha’s artistic heritage is among the richest in India. Temple sculptures, renowned for their beauty and symbolism, depict gods, dancers, warriors, animals and scenes from daily life. Odisha is also the birthplace of Odissi, one of India’s oldest classical dance forms, inspired by temple sculptures. Traditional arts such as Pattachitra painting, silver filigree work, stone carving, appliqué crafts and handloom weaving continue to flourish. The state’s vibrant festivals add another dimension to its cultural identity. While the Rath Yatra is its most famous celebration, festivals such as Raja Parba, Boita Bandana, Chandan Yatra, Durga Puja, Makar Mela and the Konark Dance Festival showcase Odisha’s traditions, maritime heritage and artistic excellence. In recent years, Odisha has emerged as one of India’s most dynamic tourism destinations. Improved infrastructure, enhanced air connectivity, heritage conservation initiatives and ecotourism projects have increased its appeal to travellers worldwide. The state has successfully promoted heritage, wildlife, beach and tribal tourism while preserving its unique cultural character. The best time to visit Odisha is between October and March, while travellers wishing to experience the Rath Yatra can plan their visit during June or July. Odisha is far more than a destination; it is a living museum of India’s history, faith, art and natural beauty. Whether marvelling at the stone chariot of Konark, experiencing the devotion of Puri, exploring the temples of Bhubaneswar or watching dolphins in Chilika Lake, visitors discover a state that leaves an enduring impression. Rich in heritage yet vibrant with modern energy, Odisha remains one of India’s most rewarding travel experiences. (The writer is a tourism professional and runs a company, Global Voyages. She could be contacted at goglobalvoyages@gmail.com. Views personal.)

AI in Sperm Sorting: An Unbiased Decision for A Better Outcome

Artificial Intelligence or AI is revolutionising fertility treatments of the future. The inclusion of AI enhances the accuracy, efficiency, and objectivity of sperm selection, hence potentially improving fertility outcomes by leaps and bounds. Traditionally, sperm sorting through manual methods is subjective to judgments. Processes like centrifugation and swim-up methods are used to separate sperm based on motility and morphology. Although they are effective, they have their limitations, leading to human errors that affect the success rates of fertility treatment. For instance, studies have shown that traditional sperm sorting techniques can have variability in success rates, with reported live birth rates ranging between 15 per cent to 25 per cent per cycle depending on the method and quality of sperm. Hence the introduction of AI helps in maintaining consistency in evaluations of sperm, using the same data set for every sample which leads to better judgments.


Automation and Standardisation- Automation of sperm selection and also introduction of AI in the process have improved the results in ART. AI-assisted sperm selection improves the accuracy in choosing high-quality sperm for fertilisation purposes, and also, pregnancy and live birth rates might be improved. Technologies like Intracytoplasmic Morphologically Selected Sperm Injection along with AI ensure the chances of pregnancies increase by about 10-20 per cent compared to the standard procedures. AI and Automation will decrease time taken to analyze sperm and increase opportunities to select better sperm with DNA integrity for better development and higher success rates in embryo selection. These processes ensure that the sperm selection process follows consistent criteria, reducing variability in outcomes caused by human error.


Analysing Complex Data for Better Outcomes- AI plays a crucial in improving IVF outcomes by analysing complex data and providing tailored recommendations. AI-driven tools and models such as those on SpOvum.ai point towards an opportunity to optimise ovarian stimulation decisions by assessing patient characteristics and follicle growth patterns. A study revealed that the use of AI in IVF improved egg yield and reduced medication costs. AI enables fertility specialists to make data-driven choices, improving overall IVF success rates and streamlining treatment processes.


Reducing Human Error- AI models can continuously learn and refine their performance by being trained on newer data. This adaptability ensures the technology remains unbiased and up-to-date with the latest scientific insights into sperm quality and fertility success rates. Studies have shown that AI-driven sperm sorting can decrease human-related errors by up to 25 per cent, improving sperm selection quality in terms of morphology and motility.


Reduction of Sperm Damage- The new AI-driven sperm sorting techniques also include microfluidic systems that are known to exhibit several advantages over the most commonly used conventional method, which is centrifugation. Traditional centrifugation methods, such as density gradient centrifugation, also cause severe oxidative stress and DNA fragmentation of the sperm because of the very high mechanical forces involved. The AI-infused microfluidic sorting minimises this damage significantly by involving gentler processes that mimic the natural pathway of sperm selection. The studies show that the process of microfluidic sorting decreases DNA fragmentation in sperm, which gives improved opportunities for success for IVF. For example, DNA fragmentation is 20 percent lower in sperm sorted using microfluidic processes than in traditional processing methods.


AI is bound to play an increasingly definitive role in fertility treatments, which will improve the outcomes for couples experiencing infertility.


(The author is a Co-Founder & CEO at SpOvum® Technologies. Views personal.)

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