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By:

Quaid Najmi

4 January 2025 at 3:26:24 pm

Old stone Shivalinga unearthed in Trimbakeshwar

Mumbai: The Archaeological Survey of India is going places, literally. Barely a week after unearthing rare copper plates linked to two powerful ancient dynasties, the ASI struck ‘history’ again - this time at the famed Trimbakeshwar Temple in Nashik district, officials said. In a stunning discovery during an ongoing conservation drive, ASI archaeologists found an old stone Shivalinga resting in the silent depths of the temple’s historic Amrit Kund, a massive water reservoir where it...

Old stone Shivalinga unearthed in Trimbakeshwar

Mumbai: The Archaeological Survey of India is going places, literally. Barely a week after unearthing rare copper plates linked to two powerful ancient dynasties, the ASI struck ‘history’ again - this time at the famed Trimbakeshwar Temple in Nashik district, officials said. In a stunning discovery during an ongoing conservation drive, ASI archaeologists found an old stone Shivalinga resting in the silent depths of the temple’s historic Amrit Kund, a massive water reservoir where it remained submerged beneath years of silt, mud and stagnant water. The Shivlinga emerged into view only after the ASI team drained the lakhs of litres of water and undertook an extensive desilting operation in the Amrit Kund. Resting silently at the bottom of the nearly 20-metre-deep reservoir, the ancient relic left conservation experts plus archaeologists astonished and the locals excited. Since it was lying at the bottom of the 65-feet (20-metre) deep Amrit Kund, it is not immediately clear if the Shivalinga will be extricated from there and relocated to a new terrestrial site, or make its way to some other location or a museum. The water tank will be again filled up to the brim as the current monsoon gets underway. It was constructed by Peshwa Balaji Bajirao-III, revered as Nana Saheb, between 1755-1786 AD along with the reconstruction of the main Trimbakeshwar Jyotirlinga Temple that was destroyed by the Mughal army between 1680-1690 AD. The discovery marks the second major archaeological breakthrough by the ASI in a week. Last week, the ASI had announced the recovery of two rare copper plates belonging to the Chalukyas of Navasarika (655–750 AD) and the Traikutaka dynasty (388–495 AD), from the World Heritage site of Elephanta Island off Mumbai, shedding fresh light on western India’s ancient political and cultural history. ASI to revamp Red Fort The ASI this week announced that it will carry out major restoration drives at 140 of Delhi’s 170 protected historical monuments, including the historic Red Fort from where the Prime Minister addresses the nation on Independence Day (Aug. 15) every year. The other sites are: Humayun’s Tomb, Purana Qila, Begumpur Mosque, Kotla Maqbara, City Wall and Hauz Khas complex. The works will comprise big and small repairs and conservation at all these monuments over the next few years.

Choking Mumbai

For decades, Mumbai was perceived as a rare urban oasis, where the saline sweep of the Arabian Sea blunted the worst ravages of India's air pollution. That illusion has now been dispelled. A meticulous four-year study by Respirer Living Sciences (RLS), using data from its AtlasAQ platform, reveals the bleak truth that the city’s air is thick with pollutants all year round, with no ‘clean season’ left.


Mumbai’s annual average levels of PM10 (particulate matter ten microns or less in diameter) have consistently breached the national safety threshold of 60 micrograms per cubic metre (μg/m³). This is not merely a seasonal malaise tied to cooler winter months, as once assumed. Alarmingly, the city’s pollution levels persist even through the hot season, a time when improved atmospheric dispersion should offer natural reprieve.


Across the city - from Chakala in Andheri East to Deonar, Kurla, Vile Parle West and Mazgaon - pollution has become an unrelenting, ubiquitous presence.


The culprits are well known: traffic emissions from a burgeoning number of vehicles; unregulated dust from frenzied construction; industrial activity in and around the ports; and a conspicuous lack of dust control measures. Mumbai’s ceaseless growth now risks becoming a chronic liability.


Worryingly, the regulatory response remains sluggish. Mumbai’s urban planning continues to treat clean air as a peripheral concern, not a foundational necessity. Development plans rarely integrate environmental impact assessments in a meaningful way.


A sharper, citywide strategy is urgently needed. Dust suppression rules at construction sites must be enforced strictly, with financial penalties for violators and incentives for best practices. Traffic management systems should be overhauled to ease congestion and encourage the use of public transport. Expansion of clean, reliable mass transit network needs to be urgently prioritised. In addition, comprehensive real-time air monitoring at the ward level should be deployed, enabling authorities to respond to localised pollution spikes swiftly rather than relying on citywide averages that conceal dangerous hotspots.


Longer-term, clean air targets must be hardwired into the city’s master planning and transport policies. Green buffers along major traffic corridors, stricter emission norms for commercial vehicles and incentives for rooftop gardens and urban afforestation could all play a part. Industrial zones near port areas should be subjected to rigorous air quality compliance measures, not token self-certifications. Private developers and large infrastructure firms, often among the worst offenders, must be made stakeholders in the clean air mission through binding regulations.


Mumbai’s commercial dynamism - as a magnet for migrants, entrepreneurs and investors - depends not just on glittering skyscrapers but on something far more basic: the ability to breathe. Unless clean air becomes an unshakeable priority, the city risks suffocating its own future. For a metropolis that prides itself on its resilience against terror attacks, monsoon floods and economic shocks, the real test will be whether it can muster the will to fight an invisible, pervasive enemy slowly corroding the lives of its 20 million citizens.

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