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By:

Rajiv Shah

22 September 2025 at 8:32:23 pm

New Alliances, New Pressures, New Fault Lines

To its west, old relationships in the Gulf are acquiring new strategic and military dimensions. Across the Atlantic, Washington is increasingly using tariffs as an instrument of foreign policy. At the same time, India holds the BRICS presidency in 2026 and prepares to host its summit when the grouping is being watched in the West as a potential challenge to the American-dominated global financial order. Individually, these developments may appear unrelated. Put together, they reveal a larger...

New Alliances, New Pressures, New Fault Lines

To its west, old relationships in the Gulf are acquiring new strategic and military dimensions. Across the Atlantic, Washington is increasingly using tariffs as an instrument of foreign policy. At the same time, India holds the BRICS presidency in 2026 and prepares to host its summit when the grouping is being watched in the West as a potential challenge to the American-dominated global financial order. Individually, these developments may appear unrelated. Put together, they reveal a larger geopolitical churn in which alliances, energy, trade, currencies and economic coercion are becoming interconnected. India finds itself almost at its centre. The emerging Saudi Arabia–Türkiye–Pakistan security equation deserves particular attention. Saudi Arabia brings enormous financial and energy influence; Türkiye possesses considerable military strength, NATO experience and an expanding defence industry; Pakistan brings a large military establishment and nuclear capability with the open support of Washington. Any arrangement containing a collective-defence commitment naturally acquires significance beyond ordinary diplomatic cooperation. Alongside it, another strategic convergence has gradually developed among India, Israel and the UAE. It would be incorrect to describe this as a formal military alliance. Yet geopolitics does not operate through defence treaties alone. India's extensive defence and technology relationship with Israel, its rapidly expanding economic and strategic partnership with the UAE, and the UAE-Israel relationship following the Abraham Accords have created considerable common ground. I2U2—bringing together India, Israel, the UAE and the United States—added another institutional dimension. Thus, without necessarily becoming opposing military camps, two interesting strategic formations are visible across West Asia: Saudi Arabia–Türkiye–Pakistan and the looser India–UAE–Israel convergence. Balancing Challenge India faces a similar balancing challenge. The Gulf is not a distant geopolitical theatre for New Delhi. Nearly nine million Indians live and work there. India's energy security, investments, trade and remittance flows are closely connected with the region. The proposed India-Middle East-Europe Economic Corridor also requires relative stability across this geography. Polarisation in West Asia can therefore rapidly become an Indian economic and strategic problem. There is another question Indian planners cannot ignore. If a future India-Pakistan confrontation escalates, how would any collective-defence commitment involving Pakistan be interpreted by Saudi Arabia and Türkiye? It would be alarmist to assume that either country would automatically enter a conflict against India. Saudi Arabia, in particular, has substantial economic and strategic interests in maintaining good relations with New Delhi. Nevertheless, defence planners are paid to examine possibilities before they become crises. While these equations develop in India's neighbourhood, economic pressure is emerging from Washington. The US Senate has voted 86–11 for legislation intended to increase pressure on Russia by targeting major purchasers of Russian energy. The measure could authorise tariffs reaching 100 per cent against goods from countries continuing large-scale purchases of Russian oil and gas, with India among those potentially exposed. China is powerful enough to shrug off similar challenges from the West." However this does not mean that America has already imposed a 100 per cent tariff on India. Further legislative steps remain necessary, and presidential waiver provisions are important. But the overwhelming Senate vote carries a political message that New Delhi cannot dismiss. Tariffs are no longer merely tools of trade protection; they have become instruments of geopolitical coercion. Washington's argument is understandable: revenues from Russian petroleum help sustain Moscow's economy during the Ukraine war, and reducing those revenues increases pressure on Russia. But in that case what about European countries who too were/are customers of Russian oil? India's question is equally legitimate: who should determine where India purchases the energy required by more than 1.4 billion people? If Russian crude remains commercially advantageous and helps contain domestic energy costs, New Delhi cannot reasonably be expected to make every energy decision according to another country's geopolitical priorities. Strategic partnership cannot become strategic obedience. This is where BRICS enters the larger picture. India holds the BRICS presidency in 2026 and will host its leaders at an unusually sensitive moment. BRICS is no longer merely the original grouping of Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa. Its expansion has considerably increased its demographic, energy and geopolitical weight. More importantly, discussions around BRICS increasingly touch a sensitive nerve in Washington: alternative payment mechanisms, local-currency trade, development finance and the possibility of gradually reducing dependence upon the dollar-dominated international financial system. The BRICS Summit this time is poised to take some decisive steps which may affect western interests especially US. (The writer is an advocate, legal, geopolitical and public policy analyst. Views personal.)

India’s Bio-Waste Rulebook: Who’s Responsible and What’s at Stake

The moment biomedical waste leaves the source, it must be traceable, accountable, and safely handled.

In last week’s article, we examined the core responsibilities of the Occupier under the Bio-Medical Waste Management Rules, 2016, ranging from safe storage and segregation to training and reporting. This week, we continue with further critical obligations, including labelling, timely coordination with waste operators, and internal monitoring systems. We also introduce the Operator's role—the entity responsible for managing common treatment and disposal facilities. Together, the Occupier and Operator form the backbone of safe biomedical waste management in India. Let’s take a closer look at how their duties complement each other in protecting public health and the environment.


We begin with additional key responsibilities of the Occupier, continuing from last week’s discussion, before outlining the critical duties of the Operator—the authorised entity managing treatment and disposal.


9. The Occupier must ensure that all colour-coded bags specifically provided for the collection and storage of only biomedical waste are properly labelled with barcodes. If any such bag is misused by hospital workers knowingly or unknowingly, with the help of a barcode, it can be tracked. This clause in the Biomedical Waste Management Rules, 2016, applies to all hospitals with a capacity of more than 30 beds.


10. The segregated waste, and more specifically the human or animal anatomical and pathological waste, must be picked up by the operator of a common facility for treatment and disposal within a maximum period of 48 hours from the source of generation. If not, the occupier must inform the prescribed authority immediately.


11. The occupier must establish a system to review and monitor biomedical waste management activities. This may be done through an existing committee or by forming a new one. The committee must meet at least once every six months, and the minutes of these meetings must be submitted along with the annual report. In healthcare establishments with fewer than thirty beds, a qualified person should be designated to oversee these activities and submit the annual report accordingly.


(b) Operator: An operator is an authorised person, a company, or an organisation that runs a common biomedical waste treatment and disposal facility. This is the place where the segregated waste from the designated hospitals is collected and brought here for further treatment and disposal.


Duties of the operator can be summarised as follows:


1. Must take all necessary steps to ensure that the biomedical waste collected from the occupier is transported, handled, stored, treated, and disposed of without any adverse effect on human health and the environment, as per the rules and guidelines issued by the Central Government or the Central Pollution Control Board from time to time.


2. Ensure the timely collection of biomedical waste from the occupier as prescribed under these rules. The rules specify that the human and animal anatomical and pathological waste must be collected within 48 hours from the sources of generation. Plastic, metal sharps, and glass waste can be collected once or twice a week in consultation with the Occupier.


3. Must inform the prescribed authority immediately regarding the occupiers who are not handing over the segregated biomedical waste as per these rules.


4. Must provide training to all workers handling biomedical waste at the time of induction and at least once every year. They must also assist the occupier in training staff at the source of waste generation.


5. Conduct medical examinations for all workers handling biomedical waste at induction and at least once a year. Immunise them against diseases such as hepatitis B and tetanus, and maintain proper records.


We’ll continue exploring the remaining responsibilities of the Operator in the next article. Till then, have a good weekend!

(The author is an environmentalist.)

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