Persistent Eye

With the successful launch of the EOS-05 aboard the GSLV-F17, India has finally acquired its first dedicated Earth-imaging satellite designed to operate from a geosynchronous orbit. The imaging satellite is a significant step towards strategic self-reliance and will make us less dependent on foreign technology and intelligence.

The imaging satellite gives us something every serious space power needs: the ability to watch, rather than merely look. Given the magnitude of our threats and challenges, persistent surveillance is the only way out. Our very own imaging satellite was perhaps the single-most important element missing during Operation Sindoor, where we otherwise demonstrated our skill in precision targeting.

Nearly 36,000 km above the Earth, the satellite will have a vastly different vantage point from conventional low-Earth-orbit satellites, which periodically pass over a particular area and provide snapshots. EOS-05 is designed to repeatedly observe large swathes of territory, including the Indian subcontinent and adjoining regions.

A satellite that passes overhead can tell you what happened when it was there. But persistent eye can tell you what is happening real-time. This matters enormously when the subject is a rapidly changing battlefield or in monitoring activity along a remote border. India has long depended on a combination of its own satellites and imagery acquired from foreign commercial and government sources. The less we look elsewhere for strategic eyes, the greater is our autonomy.

EOS-05 strengthens the country’s capacity for continuous intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance. It can add another layer to monitoring the Line of Actual Control and other sensitive borders, track developments across the Indian Ocean and provide commanders with a more persistent picture of a fast-moving situation.

There is a civilian dividend, too. The same ability to repeatedly observe a large area can prove invaluable during cyclones, cloudbursts, floods and forest fires, when conditions can change faster than conventional satellite revisits allow. Its visible, infrared, multispectral and hyperspectral imaging capabilities can also assist agriculture, environmental monitoring and the management of natural resources.

Without compromising national security, ISRO should regularly release a non-sensitive image of interest from EOS-05. If a dramatic natural event occurs, point the satellite at it and show the public what India's new eye can see.

There is also a historical irony here. India could have possessed this capability several years earlier had the EOS-03 mission not failed in 2021. The successful launch of EOS-05 is, in that sense, a recovery of lost ground.

For a country surrounded by difficult borders, exposed to an increasingly contested maritime domain and operating in an era of rapidly escalating technological warfare, knowing what is happening is the first condition of knowing what to do. India has spent decades learning to reach space. It is now learning to keep an eye on Earth.