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By:

Shoma A. Chatterji

21 August 2024 at 10:49:40 am

The Pallbearer’s Tragedy

Three decades after its premiere, Rangakarmee’s Mayyat remains a searing theatrical indictment of caste. Rangakarmee is perhaps the only theatre group that has been producing and performing plays in Hindi in Kolkata for 50 years this year. Founded and headed by the late Usha Ganguly, it is still as active and dynamic in presenting Hindi plays mainly new and sometimes recreating for the new audience, old plays that are timeless in their content and their appeal. The amazing feature of Mayyat...

The Pallbearer’s Tragedy

Three decades after its premiere, Rangakarmee’s Mayyat remains a searing theatrical indictment of caste. Rangakarmee is perhaps the only theatre group that has been producing and performing plays in Hindi in Kolkata for 50 years this year. Founded and headed by the late Usha Ganguly, it is still as active and dynamic in presenting Hindi plays mainly new and sometimes recreating for the new audience, old plays that are timeless in their content and their appeal. The amazing feature of Mayyat is that it was first performed by Usha Ganguly and her troupe way back in 1997 and has already performed around 500 shows spanning 30 years and signifies the cross-generational reach and popularity of the play. We saw a group of absolutely new actors dedicated to Rangakarmee. Their performance defined the strict discipline, the constant workouts and rehearsals to keep mobile and flexible because the very big cast needed to be perfect in body, mind and spirit during each 45-minute performance. What does the word Maiyyat mean? It is said to have its roots in Arabic and literally, it translates as ‘dead body’ or ‘corpse.’ The play is rooted in the deep internalization among the low castes of their exploitation and torture by the Brahmins of their village. The Brahmins are proud in their gait, their body language and even in their pure form of dress with the holy thread of Brahminism proudly on display. The custom of the proud, arrogant and rude Brahmins is to choose at least one among the four untouchables to become the pall-bearer when someone of the upper-caste dies. Instead of feeling sad or insulted, the chosen untouchable feels blessed and proud for being allowed by this strange custom of becoming a fake “Brahmin” if even for one day. Lakku is one such untouchable who lives somewhere near Aurangabad and leads a miserable life of poverty with the burden of a mentally deranged, motherless son he takes care of. The pall is decorated heavily with flowers and instead of looking like a bourse, it is decorated with lots of flowers like a palanquin. Someone obviously among the Brahmins is dead and the other Brahmins draw lots to find out which untouchable will be chosen to offer his shoulder to the bourse. `When Lakku’s name comes up in the shuffling of the paper chips, he is thrilled that at least for one day, he will enjoy the ‘blessing’ of becoming a “Brahmin.” But forced to run through the village on an empty stomach and with a weak body, Lakku collapses and dies before the bourse can reach the crematorium. Now, the question is – who will carry his body and carry it to the cremation ground? The entire performance, with 23 theatre actors, originally scripted, designed and directed by Usha Ganguly, is now performed by a new young cast under the guidance, training and supervision of Amal Saha, Deepesh Rajak, and Anirudh Sarkar. It has been conceived and designed like a musical opera with every Brahmin member of the cast, including the young women, dressed traditionally in pristine white with lots of marigold garlands and a sandalwood tikka adorning their foreheads. Though there are dialogues in the performance, these are either among the leading and decisive members among the Brahmins or scoldings and threats from the Brahmins to the four members from the untouchable tribe, each one representing a different low caste. These four men, alongwith Lakku and his mentally retarded son, keep waiting eagerly in one corner of the proscenium for the results of the lots to be drawn. They hug each other for joy when their names are announced and Lakku specially is thrilled with the responsibility of being pallbearer and becoming a Brahmin for just one night. Whose corpse is being carried in the bourse is not important. What is important is who are the pall bearers? At least, the Brahmins are not. What one carries home after watching a performance-play like Mayyat is the marvellous synchronization of the entire female cast wandering right around the proscenium space singing songs in complete harmony with not a note of error and the Brahmin men discussing, arguing and quarrelling over not how the corpse will be cremated but which low-caste man will become the pallbearer for one night. The bottom-line is caste is a continuous, historical evil. But should it remain so? (The writer is a noted film scholar. Views personal.)

Plastic Bags: A Bad Habit We Don’t Question

Convenient as they are, one-time plastic shopping bags eventually land in garbage dumps and become pollution.

Welcome to 2026, dear reader!


Before I continue, let me briefly recall where the seminar discussion had paused. I had shared a simple incident from a vegetable market to explain that plastic by itself does not create pollution. It was at this point that one of the attendees remarked how most of us reuse plastic carry bags to collect household garbage, only to discard them later in dustbins or roadside heaps. That observation struck a chord and prompted quiet reflection across the room.


I left my narration at that point and looked at the audience. Most of them were deep in thought, perhaps trying to connect the incident with their own daily experiences. The hall was unusually quiet, as if everyone was replaying familiar scenes in their minds.


After a brief pause, one of the participants raised his hand and sought permission to speak. “Sir, I remember a similar incident,” he began. “The other day, I went to buy a couple of tender coconuts from a roadside vendor.”


He described how several customers were waiting for their turn. The vendor was working swiftly—cutting open the coconut shell, exposing the tender portion, and then, as per the customer’s demand, placing the coconut into a plastic carry bag. Along with it, he would add a couple of plastic straws, which were handed over without a second thought.


Some customers drank the coconut water right there, using the plastic straws provided. After finishing, the straw was either thrown into a nearby dustbin or stuffed back into a plastic bag and casually discarded somewhere around the vendor’s cart.


“One gentleman”, the participant continued, “asked the vendor to empty the coconut water into a small plastic pouch, put that pouch into another plastic bag, and then happily walked away, carrying the bag as if it were something precious.” Another customer bought only the ‘malai’—the fresh pulp scooped out from the coconut. The vendor repeated the same process again, using plastic bags as before. This cycle went on continuously.


The participant then admitted something important. He said he, too, had taken coconuts in the plastic bag provided by the vendor. At that moment, he did not find anything odd about it. It felt completely normal. In fact, not taking things in plastic carry bags seemed unusual, even inconvenient.


Then came his realisation. “Now I am slowly beginning to understand what you are trying to highlight,” he said. “Once we take home different products in plastic carry bags, we don’t store those bags carefully. Most of the time, they are treated as waste. Eventually, they end up either in landfills or, more commonly, in roadside garbage heaps.”


He paused and added, “In countries like India, as we all know, the final destination of such plastic bags is usually the open garbage dump.” With that, he ended his narration.


The forum was then opened for discussion. As expected, many others joined in. Almost everyone had a similar story to share. By the end of the discussion, there was broad agreement that the root cause of plastic pollution is not plastic itself, but our lack of discipline—our behaviour, carelessness, and attitude.


We never think twice before discarding a plastic bag, whether into a dustbin or an open garbage heap. One participant summed it up rather wittily by saying that plastic bags do not walk out and land in garbage dumps on their own. It is we, the users, who put them there.


Still, one person remained unconvinced. He wanted to understand why plastic bags and other items cause pollution even after being discarded. I asked him to hold on to his curiosity until next week.


I request you, dear readers, to do the same. Until then, have a great weekend and a very happy and prosperous New Year.


(The author is an environmentalist. Views personal.)

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