Maharashtra sits at the heart of India’s ethanol boom, but climate change and groundwater depletion threaten the sustainability of its biofuel ambitions. Switching to E20 petrol, which is 20 percent ethanol, is one of India’s most ambitious energy reforms in recent times. The Ethanol-Blended Petrol (EBP) program has transformed the face of India’s sugar business by reducing crude oil imports and transportation emissions, increasing energy security, and raising farmer incomes.