Forensic Response in Mass Fatality Tragedies

Disaster response is not only about saving lives—it is also about restoring names, truth, and dignity to those who have been lost. Mass fatality preparedness is not a topic most people think about until tragedy strikes. The recent Delhi blast, which shook the city and left families searching desperately for answers, reminds us that disaster response is not only about saving the living but also about identifying and honouring the dead. Every disaster scene holds two urgent missions: one of rescue and another of remembrance. It demands a well-coordinated forensic system that can identify victims, trace the source of the event, and preserve the dignity of those lost. Each response must blend science, coordination, and compassion. In every mass fatality incident, the chaos is immediate and overwhelming. Dozens of bodies, personal belongings, and fragmented remains challenge responders to bring order and meaning. The first few hours are critical: securing the blast site, collecting biological and trace evidence, and mapping the scene. Each body or fragment is a potential identifier, and each object – be it a car part, mobile phone, or CCTV footage – can tell investigators what happened and who was involved. After an explosion, visual recognition often fails; faces are burned and fragmented, and fingerprints may be destroyed. Forensic pathologists determine cause and manner of death, while odontologists match dental charts when all else is lost. DNA experts extract profiles from the smallest tissue or bone sample to connect victims with their loved ones. Forensic anthropologists reconstruct fragmented remains to ensure that every person, even in pieces, is accounted for. Together, these specialists work within the Interpol Disaster Victim Identification (DVI) framework, collecting, comparing, and reconciling post-mortem and antemortem data until every name is restored. Trace Movements Alongside victim identification, CCTV footage helps trace movements, vehicles, and suspicious activity before the blast. Vehicle number analysis identifies cars or bikes used to transport explosives or flee the scene. In past cases like the Hyderabad Dilsukhnagar Twin Blasts (2013), CCTV and vehicle tracking led investigators to key suspects. Mobile phone data (CDR and others), GPS, and messages help map communication and movement around the time of the explosion. These digital clues help forensic teams reconstruct events accurately. These operations demand close coordination among all agencies. The Delhi blast revealed both efficiency and gaps: swift action, but delays caused by limited facilities and incomplete records. Clear SOPs and trained DVI units are essential to improve future response. Without proper alignment, evidence can be lost, identities can be mismatched, and grief can be prolonged. Yet preparedness is not only about software or equipment. It begins with training and empathy. After the Pulwama attack (2019), forensic teams faced immense emotional pressure, yet their disciplined approach allowed nearly all victims to be identified quickly through DNA and dental comparison. Such examples show that planning and compassion can coexist under extreme circumstances. Consistent Planning Building this capacity requires consistent planning and investment. Every state should develop specialised DVI units, mobile morgue facilities, and DNA databases to respond quickly during large-scale incidents. Regular mock drills can test coordination among police, forensic experts, and health authorities, ensuring each team knows its role before a real crisis occurs. Preparedness should never start after a tragedy; it must be an ongoing process. Public awareness plays an equally important part. Families should understand the value of keeping updated dental, medical, and identification records, as these often become crucial for confirming identities in emergencies. Ultimately, mass fatality preparedness is about respect for science, procedure, and human life itself. The Delhi blast should remind us to strengthen how we respond when lives are lost. Each identified victim represents a promise kept to their family and to society. With proper preparedness, even in the midst of chaos, we can restore order, truth, and dignity. (Dr. Kumar is a retired IPS and forensic consultant to the Assam government. Das is a student of National Forensic University, Guwahati.)