Signal Failure
- Correspondent
- 3 hours ago
- 2 min read
India’s space programme has long thrived on a careful blend of ambition and thrift. It has sent probes to Mars on a shoestring, soft-landed on the Moon, and readied astronauts for orbit. Yet prestige projects can sometimes cast long shadows. The recent failure of the last operational atomic clock aboard IRNSS-1F, a satellite in India’s homegrown navigation system, has exposed a sobering reality: when it comes to strategic infrastructure, India cannot afford such lapses.
The Navigation with Indian Constellation (NavIC) system was born of necessity. During the 1999 Kargil War, the United States had declined to share critical GPS data with India. The lesson was stark. A sovereign nation, particularly one with fraught borders, cannot depend on foreign systems for military navigation. NavIC was meant to correct that vulnerability. It was an indigenous alternative offering both civilian and encrypted military signals with far greater accuracy for strategic use.
Today, that promise looks fragile. With IRNSS-1F’s atomic clocks all defunct, only three satellites in the constellation remain capable of providing navigation services. That is below the minimum threshold required for a fully functional system. Atomic clocks are the beating heart of satellite navigation, enabling the precise timing that determines position. Their repeated failure across the first-generation satellites raises uncomfortable questions about design resilience, testing protocols and long-term maintenance.
Modern armed forces depend heavily on satellite navigation for logistics, targeting, troop movement and synchronised operations. In peacetime, foreign systems such as GPS may suffice. In wartime, they are liabilities. Signals can be degraded, denied or spoofed. A military that cannot fully trust its positioning data is one operating with a lethal handicap.
India’s efforts to rectify these gaps have been uneven. The failed attempt to replace IRNSS-1A with IRNSS-1H in 2017 was an early warning. The second-generation NVS series was meant to stabilise the constellation, but progress has faltered here too. While NVS-01 was successfully launched, the failure of NVS-02 in 2025 has delayed subsequent missions. The result is a thinning constellation struggling to meet even baseline requirements.
All this might have been mitigated with sharper prioritisation. Instead, attention has drifted toward headline-grabbing missions like the human spaceflight under Gaganyaan, and participation in international ventures such as Axiom Mission 4. While these are worthy achievements that signal technological prowess and bolster national pride, they do not substitute for the quiet, unglamorous work of maintaining critical strategic systems.
Space programmes, like defence budgets, must be guided by hierarchy of needs. Strategic autonomy should come first while political optics, however tempting, must come last.
While setbacks are inevitable in complex technological endeavours, the difference lies in how those failures are addressed. We must do a candid reassessment of our programme management.
NavIC was conceived as a shield against strategic vulnerability. Allowing it to atrophy would defeat its very purpose. India has shown it can reach the stars. It must now ensure that, closer to Earth, its foundations do not falter.



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