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By:

Keshav Humar and Somya Soin

20 October 2024 at 11:26:24 am

India’s Forensic Blind Spot: The Case for Forensic Odontology

It is not just about solving crimes; it is about restoring identity and dignity. AI generated image Imagine the heartache when someone you care about goes missing or is lost in a disaster. The uncertainty of their fate can be unbearable. In these moments, identifying a person is not just a scientific process; it's an act of dignity, compassion, and delivering justice. Interestingly, one of the most dependable tools for this task is found right inside our mouths: our teeth. Forensic...

India’s Forensic Blind Spot: The Case for Forensic Odontology

It is not just about solving crimes; it is about restoring identity and dignity. AI generated image Imagine the heartache when someone you care about goes missing or is lost in a disaster. The uncertainty of their fate can be unbearable. In these moments, identifying a person is not just a scientific process; it's an act of dignity, compassion, and delivering justice. Interestingly, one of the most dependable tools for this task is found right inside our mouths: our teeth. Forensic odontology, or forensic dentistry, involves using teeth and dental records to identify individuals and support criminal investigations. While we typically think of dentists as caregivers for our oral health, forensic odontologists work hand in hand with police, forensic experts, and disaster response teams to establish identities and aid the justice system. Teeth, being the hardest parts of the human body, often withstand fires, explosions, natural disasters and advanced decomposition when other identifiers, like fingerprints or facial features, are destroyed. Just like fingerprints, each person's dental features, such as fillings, crowns, bridges, and even missing teeth, are unique. Sometimes, a simple smiling photograph or an old dental X-ray can be the key to solving the puzzle of someone's identity. Forensic odontology plays a vital role in situations like air crashes, train accidents, building collapses, natural disasters, burnt or badly decomposed bodies, unidentified bodies and criminal cases. For children whose identities are unknown, developing teeth can help estimate their age. While adult teeth can assist in reconstructive identification of unidentified individuals and comparative identification when missing persons’ dental records are available. Scientific identification of bite marks can be crucial in criminal investigations. In cases of severely damaged bodies, DNA from teeth can survive and confirm a person’s identity. Globally, forensic odontology is one of the three primary methods for identifying disaster victims, along with fingerprint analysis and DNA profiling. Countries like the United Kingdom, Australia, Japan, Germany, and the United States have robust forensic odontology services that are integral to their disaster response and law enforcement systems. In India, this field still faces challenges. Although there are trained forensic odontologists, the speciality has not yet been fully woven into disaster management and medico-legal infrastructure. Dental record maintenance is inconsistent, and there are very limited opportunities for specialists in this domain. As disasters and complex investigations become more frequent, these gaps need urgent attention. The significance of forensic odontology has been recognised by the courts as well. The Supreme Court of India acknowledged its importance in the Mukesh & Others v. State (NCT of Delhi) (2017) case, calling it an “important and indispensable science” for legal matters. Properly examined dental evidence was accepted as valuable expert testimony in the administration of justice. Public awareness is important. Everyone can contribute by preserving dental records. Don’t throw away dental prescriptions or treatment summaries. Keep copies of dental X-rays, orthodontic records, and implant details, and store digital copies securely. Inform your family where these records are kept and update them after dental treatments. Something as ordinary as a dental record today could one day help identify you or a loved one with certainty. Remember this simple truth: Your teeth are like a permanent identity card inside your mouth. Every filling, crown, and implant tells a unique story that no one else shares. Forensic odontology isn’t just about solving crimes or identifying disaster victims. It restores identities, provides closure to grieving families, aids in legal and insurance matters, ensures dignified last rites, prevents mistaken identities, and strengthens the pursuit of justice. Official recognition of this speciality, standardised dental record maintenance, and its integration into disaster response systems are no longer optional but essential steps towards building a safer, more humane, and more resilient country. (Dr. Kumar is a former IPS officer and forensic consultant to Assam government. Dr. Somya Soin is forensic odontology professional. Views personal.)

Signals Beyond the Numbers

Kerala’s local body verdict weakens the Left’s incumbency and hands the BJP a limited psychological breakthrough ahead of the 2026 Assembly battle.

As the Congress held a rally against alleged ‘vote chori’ at Ramlila Maidan in Delhi, questioning the credibility of India’s electoral process, voters in Kerala were delivering a verdict that decisively strengthened the same party in local body elections. The Congress-led UDF emerged as the principal gainer, positioning itself as a formidable challenger in the forthcoming Assembly polls. The contrast is hard to miss: when electoral outcomes favour the Congress, the process appears credible; when they do not, the integrity of the vote is called into question.


Dress Rehearsal

Kerala’s local body elections were never about civic administration alone. They were widely viewed as a semi-final ahead of the Assembly elections, and the results have delivered a sobering verdict on the ruling LDF. The loss of major urban Corporations like Kollam, Thrissur and Kochi signals deep voter fatigue with a government nearing the end of its second consecutive term. The LDF’s hold on Kozhikode Corporation offered little solace, as its seat tally plummeted from 51 in 2020 to just 34 out of 76 - falling four short of a majority and turning a nominal win into a political humiliation. In contrast, the NDA recorded its best-ever performance, more than doubling its presence from 7 to 13 seats, signalling a subtle but significant shift in the city’s electoral landscape. The scale of the UDF’s gains underlines this shift. The Congress-led front won four of the six Corporations- including retaining Kannur, 54 of 86 Municipalities, 78 of 143 Block Panchayats, and 514 of 941 Gram Panchayats, giving it a clear numerical and psychological edge over the LDF. These results place the UDF firmly in pole position ahead of the 2026 Assembly elections, especially if the consolidation of anti-incumbency sentiment against the Left continues.


The most consequential result, however, came from Thiruvananthapuram. For the first time in 45 years, the LDF lost control of the state capital’s Corporation. This was not a routine defeat but a symbolic rupture. Anti-incumbency combined with widespread dissatisfaction over civic governance, allegations of corruption, and charges of administrative mismanagement during the previous LDF-led council created fertile ground for change. The Left’s decision to quietly drop former mayor Arya Rajendran- in 2020, she made history by becoming the youngest mayor in India- from the fray reflected its own recognition of public discontent. For the BJP, the Thiruvananthapuram victory is both a breakthrough and a test. In 2015, the party barely registered on Kerala’s local body map, winning only two Municipalities, one Block Panchayat, and twelve Gram Panchayats with about 15 per cent vote share. This time, it aimed for a 25 per cent vote share and a wider institutional footprint, a target it ultimately fell short of achieving. Numerically, the BJP’s gains - one Corporation, two Municipalities and 26 Gram Panchayats - remain modest.


The verdict for the BJP is therefore a mixed bag. In Munambam, for instance, which witnessed prolonged agitation over the Waqf land issue, the BJP won a Pallipuram panchayat ward by fielding a Christian candidate- although by a slender margin of just 28 votes. While the party may interpret this as evidence of growing Christian trust and the success of its targeted outreach, it would be premature to draw broader conclusions from an isolated win. Structural shifts in Kerala’s voting behaviour require sustained evidence over multiple electoral cycles.


Yet politics is not measured by numbers alone. Ending 45 years of Left rule in the Capital has given the BJP something it has long lacked in Kerala: psychological momentum. Under new state president Rajeev Chandrasekhar, the party deliberately recalibrated its pitch. The BJP made development the focus of its campaign, placing it above Hindutva and ideological messaging, though the party’s core ideology remained an underlying theme. The promise that Prime Minister Narendra Modi would unveil a comprehensive development blueprint for Thiruvananthapuram within 45 days of a BJP victory spoke directly to an aspirational urban electorate. Commitments such as doorstep delivery of civic services, a technology-driven campaign using QR-coded voter slips, and the careful selection of credible candidates, including former IPS officer R. Sreelekha, lent the campaign seriousness and intent.


Unresolved Vulnerabilities  

At the same time, the verdict underscores the BJP’s unresolved vulnerabilities in Kerala. Even where it retained power, such as Palakkad Municipality, its seat tally shrank. In Pandalam Municipality, encompassing the politically sensitive Sabarimala region, the party suffered a dramatic fall—from 18 seats in 2020 to just nine—despite raising allegations against rivals. The failure of high-profile turncoats, including Arjuna Awardee Padmini Thomas, highlights the limits of personality-driven politics in a state known for its discerning electorate. The Thrissur story further complicates the BJP narrative. Despite winning the Thrissur Lok Sabha seat in 2024 through the now Union Minister Suresh Gopi, the party’s performance in the Corporation elections was underwhelming, adding only two seats. This gap between parliamentary success and local organisational depth remains a critical challenge.


The Thiruvananthapuram result does not mean the BJP has replaced Kerala’s entrenched bipolar politics: over the past decade, the party has made steady inroads, winning the Nemom Assembly seat in 2016 and the Thrissur Lok Sabha seat in 2024, thus marking itself as a force to be reckoned with. Yet this breakthrough reflects years of sustained BJP strategy and the relentless, often unsung efforts of RSS workers operating in a challenging political landscape. Ending 45 years of Left rule in the state Capital, it has given the BJP a foothold in Kerala that, while not decisive, signals that the party can no longer be ignored.


As the Assembly contest approaches, the local body verdict sends an unmistakable message: voters are willing to experiment, punish complacency and reward governance over rhetoric. For parties that question electoral credibility only when outcomes go against them, Kerala offers a timely lesson that democracy speaks clearly, but only to those willing to listen.


(The writer is a political commentator. Views personal.)

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