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By:

Shoma A. Chatterji

21 August 2024 at 10:49:40 am

The Pallbearer’s Tragedy

Three decades after its premiere, Rangakarmee’s Mayyat remains a searing theatrical indictment of caste. Rangakarmee is perhaps the only theatre group that has been producing and performing plays in Hindi in Kolkata for 50 years this year. Founded and headed by the late Usha Ganguly, it is still as active and dynamic in presenting Hindi plays mainly new and sometimes recreating for the new audience, old plays that are timeless in their content and their appeal. The amazing feature of Mayyat...

The Pallbearer’s Tragedy

Three decades after its premiere, Rangakarmee’s Mayyat remains a searing theatrical indictment of caste. Rangakarmee is perhaps the only theatre group that has been producing and performing plays in Hindi in Kolkata for 50 years this year. Founded and headed by the late Usha Ganguly, it is still as active and dynamic in presenting Hindi plays mainly new and sometimes recreating for the new audience, old plays that are timeless in their content and their appeal. The amazing feature of Mayyat is that it was first performed by Usha Ganguly and her troupe way back in 1997 and has already performed around 500 shows spanning 30 years and signifies the cross-generational reach and popularity of the play. We saw a group of absolutely new actors dedicated to Rangakarmee. Their performance defined the strict discipline, the constant workouts and rehearsals to keep mobile and flexible because the very big cast needed to be perfect in body, mind and spirit during each 45-minute performance. What does the word Maiyyat mean? It is said to have its roots in Arabic and literally, it translates as ‘dead body’ or ‘corpse.’ The play is rooted in the deep internalization among the low castes of their exploitation and torture by the Brahmins of their village. The Brahmins are proud in their gait, their body language and even in their pure form of dress with the holy thread of Brahminism proudly on display. The custom of the proud, arrogant and rude Brahmins is to choose at least one among the four untouchables to become the pall-bearer when someone of the upper-caste dies. Instead of feeling sad or insulted, the chosen untouchable feels blessed and proud for being allowed by this strange custom of becoming a fake “Brahmin” if even for one day. Lakku is one such untouchable who lives somewhere near Aurangabad and leads a miserable life of poverty with the burden of a mentally deranged, motherless son he takes care of. The pall is decorated heavily with flowers and instead of looking like a bourse, it is decorated with lots of flowers like a palanquin. Someone obviously among the Brahmins is dead and the other Brahmins draw lots to find out which untouchable will be chosen to offer his shoulder to the bourse. `When Lakku’s name comes up in the shuffling of the paper chips, he is thrilled that at least for one day, he will enjoy the ‘blessing’ of becoming a “Brahmin.” But forced to run through the village on an empty stomach and with a weak body, Lakku collapses and dies before the bourse can reach the crematorium. Now, the question is – who will carry his body and carry it to the cremation ground? The entire performance, with 23 theatre actors, originally scripted, designed and directed by Usha Ganguly, is now performed by a new young cast under the guidance, training and supervision of Amal Saha, Deepesh Rajak, and Anirudh Sarkar. It has been conceived and designed like a musical opera with every Brahmin member of the cast, including the young women, dressed traditionally in pristine white with lots of marigold garlands and a sandalwood tikka adorning their foreheads. Though there are dialogues in the performance, these are either among the leading and decisive members among the Brahmins or scoldings and threats from the Brahmins to the four members from the untouchable tribe, each one representing a different low caste. These four men, alongwith Lakku and his mentally retarded son, keep waiting eagerly in one corner of the proscenium for the results of the lots to be drawn. They hug each other for joy when their names are announced and Lakku specially is thrilled with the responsibility of being pallbearer and becoming a Brahmin for just one night. Whose corpse is being carried in the bourse is not important. What is important is who are the pall bearers? At least, the Brahmins are not. What one carries home after watching a performance-play like Mayyat is the marvellous synchronization of the entire female cast wandering right around the proscenium space singing songs in complete harmony with not a note of error and the Brahmin men discussing, arguing and quarrelling over not how the corpse will be cremated but which low-caste man will become the pallbearer for one night. The bottom-line is caste is a continuous, historical evil. But should it remain so? (The writer is a noted film scholar. Views personal.)

A Literary ‘French Connection’

Updated: Jan 29, 2025

French Connection

Every so often, amidst the deluge of World War II literature, some books emerge that feel like a revelation. The year 2024 proved abundant in such discoveries, and months later, these three books continue to haunt my thoughts with their vivid portraits of humanity amidst war.


Start with ‘Through Hell to Dunkirk,’ a memoir by the little-known French liaison officer Henry de la Falaise, recently republished by Stackpole Books. It’s a narrative that crackles with immediacy, written as the blitzkrieg of 1940 roared through Western Europe. De la Falaise’s account begins with his work alongside the British Expeditionary Force’s 12th Lancers Regiment, tasked with a rearguard action that felt as futile as it was heroic. Bombarded by air raids, pursued relentlessly by the enemy, and constantly grappling with hunger and fatigue, the regiment’s struggle to retreat to Dunkirk is a study in courage and despair.


De la Falaise doesn’t just recount the chaos of war; he lets us into his soul. He writes of comrades lost, friends wounded, and refugees fleeing - most memorably, an eleven-year-old Jewish girl from Belgium, braving the impossible task of scavenging food while carrying her infant brother. Her hopeful belief that reaching France would mean safety is heartbreaking in hindsight.


The memoir, untouched since its original 1943 publication, reads like a time capsule. It’s the work of a man pouring his grief and resolve onto the page before the ink had a chance to dry.


Next is ‘Strong in Will,’ published by Casemate, which shifts the lens to the personal journals of Marie-Louise Dilkes, a receptionist at the American Embassy in Paris. Her decision to remain in the city as the German forces approached offers readers a vivid, deeply human glimpse into the Paris of 1940.


Dilkes chronicles a Paris that feels almost cinematic: twilight walks along the Seine, lingering afternoons at her favourite museums. But her narrative darkens as war encroaches, rationing takes hold, and nightly curfews silence the City of Light. Her departure from Paris, forced by America’s entry into the war, is bittersweet. Like Anne Morrow Lindbergh’s ‘War Within and Without’ or Victor Klemperer’s ‘I Will Bear Witness,’ Dilkes’s account offers a rare perspective on life in an occupied city.


And then there is ‘Banquet of Beggars,’ the third in Chris Lloyd’s Detective Eddie Giral series, published by Orion. It is fiction that feels steeped in the truth of Occupied Paris. If you haven’t yet met Giral, you’re in for a treat. a disillusioned Parisian policeman navigating the treacherous waters of Occupied Paris, is as much an outsider as the city itself - hated by the Germans, distrusted by his compatriots, and haunted by his own moral compromises. In this latest outing, he is tasked with solving a murder, though the investigation becomes as much about survival as justice.


Lloyd’s genius lies in his ability to marry meticulous research with propulsive storytelling. Every page is steeped in the granular details of 1940s Paris - the stale air of rationed brasseries, the ominous whispers of collaborators, and, yes, even the weather, recreated with uncanny precision. His characters are richly drawn, his plot twists are surgical, and his humour - dry, dark and perfectly placed - offers relief without undermining the gravity of the narrative.


In Banquet of Beggars, Lloyd achieves that rare alchemy of making history feel intimate and alive, as if the Seine itself carries the weight of his tale. Lloyd’s meticulous research shines, grounding his novel in an atmosphere so tangible you can almost smell the bread queues and hear the clipped German accents. His attention to detail recalls Alan Furst’s Night Soldiers series, while Giral’s gruff wit and doggedness bring to mind Philip Kerr’s Bernie Gunther.


One can only hope Mr. Lloyd is hard at work on Eddie Giral’s next case. Paris, and its readers, demand it.


All three books serve as a reminder that great storytelling, much like history itself, thrives on the specifics: the fragile hopes of an eleven-year-old refugee, the muted courage of a woman in an occupied city, or the dogged determination of a detective navigating moral grey zones. Whether historical or imagined, these tales prove, once again, that the past is never really past.


(The author is a history book reviewer who is passionate about the Second World War and its myriad complexities.)

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