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By:

Rajiv Shah

22 September 2025 at 8:32:23 pm

New Alliances, New Pressures, New Fault Lines

To its west, old relationships in the Gulf are acquiring new strategic and military dimensions. Across the Atlantic, Washington is increasingly using tariffs as an instrument of foreign policy. At the same time, India holds the BRICS presidency in 2026 and prepares to host its summit when the grouping is being watched in the West as a potential challenge to the American-dominated global financial order. Individually, these developments may appear unrelated. Put together, they reveal a larger...

New Alliances, New Pressures, New Fault Lines

To its west, old relationships in the Gulf are acquiring new strategic and military dimensions. Across the Atlantic, Washington is increasingly using tariffs as an instrument of foreign policy. At the same time, India holds the BRICS presidency in 2026 and prepares to host its summit when the grouping is being watched in the West as a potential challenge to the American-dominated global financial order. Individually, these developments may appear unrelated. Put together, they reveal a larger geopolitical churn in which alliances, energy, trade, currencies and economic coercion are becoming interconnected. India finds itself almost at its centre. The emerging Saudi Arabia–Türkiye–Pakistan security equation deserves particular attention. Saudi Arabia brings enormous financial and energy influence; Türkiye possesses considerable military strength, NATO experience and an expanding defence industry; Pakistan brings a large military establishment and nuclear capability with the open support of Washington. Any arrangement containing a collective-defence commitment naturally acquires significance beyond ordinary diplomatic cooperation. Alongside it, another strategic convergence has gradually developed among India, Israel and the UAE. It would be incorrect to describe this as a formal military alliance. Yet geopolitics does not operate through defence treaties alone. India's extensive defence and technology relationship with Israel, its rapidly expanding economic and strategic partnership with the UAE, and the UAE-Israel relationship following the Abraham Accords have created considerable common ground. I2U2—bringing together India, Israel, the UAE and the United States—added another institutional dimension. Thus, without necessarily becoming opposing military camps, two interesting strategic formations are visible across West Asia: Saudi Arabia–Türkiye–Pakistan and the looser India–UAE–Israel convergence. Balancing Challenge India faces a similar balancing challenge. The Gulf is not a distant geopolitical theatre for New Delhi. Nearly nine million Indians live and work there. India's energy security, investments, trade and remittance flows are closely connected with the region. The proposed India-Middle East-Europe Economic Corridor also requires relative stability across this geography. Polarisation in West Asia can therefore rapidly become an Indian economic and strategic problem. There is another question Indian planners cannot ignore. If a future India-Pakistan confrontation escalates, how would any collective-defence commitment involving Pakistan be interpreted by Saudi Arabia and Türkiye? It would be alarmist to assume that either country would automatically enter a conflict against India. Saudi Arabia, in particular, has substantial economic and strategic interests in maintaining good relations with New Delhi. Nevertheless, defence planners are paid to examine possibilities before they become crises. While these equations develop in India's neighbourhood, economic pressure is emerging from Washington. The US Senate has voted 86–11 for legislation intended to increase pressure on Russia by targeting major purchasers of Russian energy. The measure could authorise tariffs reaching 100 per cent against goods from countries continuing large-scale purchases of Russian oil and gas, with India among those potentially exposed. China is powerful enough to shrug off similar challenges from the West." However this does not mean that America has already imposed a 100 per cent tariff on India. Further legislative steps remain necessary, and presidential waiver provisions are important. But the overwhelming Senate vote carries a political message that New Delhi cannot dismiss. Tariffs are no longer merely tools of trade protection; they have become instruments of geopolitical coercion. Washington's argument is understandable: revenues from Russian petroleum help sustain Moscow's economy during the Ukraine war, and reducing those revenues increases pressure on Russia. But in that case what about European countries who too were/are customers of Russian oil? India's question is equally legitimate: who should determine where India purchases the energy required by more than 1.4 billion people? If Russian crude remains commercially advantageous and helps contain domestic energy costs, New Delhi cannot reasonably be expected to make every energy decision according to another country's geopolitical priorities. Strategic partnership cannot become strategic obedience. This is where BRICS enters the larger picture. India holds the BRICS presidency in 2026 and will host its leaders at an unusually sensitive moment. BRICS is no longer merely the original grouping of Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa. Its expansion has considerably increased its demographic, energy and geopolitical weight. More importantly, discussions around BRICS increasingly touch a sensitive nerve in Washington: alternative payment mechanisms, local-currency trade, development finance and the possibility of gradually reducing dependence upon the dollar-dominated international financial system. The BRICS Summit this time is poised to take some decisive steps which may affect western interests especially US. (The writer is an advocate, legal, geopolitical and public policy analyst. Views personal.)

Giving Plastic a Second Life: From Hazard to Resource

Instead of letting plastic waste reach landfills, we recycled it into reusable materials, turning a hazard into a resource for the circular economy.

In my earlier article, I shared how our biomedical waste facility in Thane grew from humble beginnings into a recognised, multi-district service network. But the journey was about more than just machines and compliance. Alongside building a state-of-the-art treatment centre, we transformed the surrounding debris-strewn land into a thriving green space—what would become Ankur Theme Park. This initiative turned barren soil into a living classroom, where students, citizens, and environmental enthusiasts could learn directly from nature, explore innovative waste management techniques, and witness sustainable practices in action.

Our commitment to sustainability extended from greening the land to managing hospital waste responsibly, particularly medical-grade plastics that could be recycled rather than discarded.”

Recognising their potential, what began as a simple need to manage waste responsibly evolved into a full-fledged journey: setting up recycling units, upgrading facilities, and navigating regulatory and operational challenges over the years.

Various plastic items or devices used in hospitals during treatment are made from high-quality, medical-grade plastics, including polycarbonates, polypropylene, and polyethylene. Generally, these are collected and transported in red-coloured bags to the common facility and sent to the landfills after proper treatment. This results in the loss of precious resources. This plastic can be recycled and reused following a circular economy path.

When we realised the importance of this plastic, we started our own plastic waste recycling unit in Murbad MIDC after obtaining all the necessary permissions and authorisations from the concerned authorities. Our team used to disinfect plastic waste received in red bags from the hospitals in an autoclave. Such disinfected plastic was then shredded into pieces in a mechanical shredder.

These pieces were then stored in gunny bags and transported to our own recycling unit. For operating this plant, we had employed a few people from the Murbad tribal area. After the Biomedical Waste Management Rules, 2016, came into force, operators were allowed to collect biomedical waste from hospitals within a 75 km radius. New facilities were subsequently established in Vasai-Virar and other areas.

By 2013, we wanted to replace our incinerator, as it had almost reached the end of its life. We wanted to buy a new machine with modern technology. As per the rules, we now needed a bigger place for the installation of new machines. We applied to the concerned authorities in Thane Municipal Corporation for a suitable plot and to the Maharashtra Pollution Control Board for authorisation to install new machines, particularly the incinerator.

As per the law, the Thane Municipal Corporation was responsible for providing suitable land. We were allotted a plot of about three acres in size in Daighar, near the ShilPhata area. All paperwork was done. We got the land in our possession and started planning for erecting the required infrastructure on that plot. We hired an architect and started working on it. However, one fine day, suddenly, we were asked to surrender the plot, as the said plot is to be allotted to a company for their highly ambitious waste-to-energy project. We were stunned and unsure how to proceed.

Then the 2019-2020 coronavirus pandemic struck humanity all over the world. The number of patients admitted to hospitals due to coronavirus infection started growing. In that proportion, the volume of infectious waste also started growing. This waste comprised of personal protective robes, gowns, masks, and other disposables, which were extremely hazardous.

Our workload increased manifold, as this was in addition to our regular workload. All our workers did an amazing job working almost around the clock to make sure that the waste was properly treated. To our surprise, none of our workers caught the coronavirus infection.

By the time the pandemic was over, we received a notice from MPCB asking us to stop the work in this facility because we were not taking any measures to upgrade our systems. We pleaded that unless TMC provides us with suitable land as required by the law, we cannot upgrade our system.

MPCB and TMC went on tossing the ball in each other’s courts, and finally, in 2022, with heavy hearts, we were compelled to close down our facility.


(The author is an environmentalist. Views personal.)

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